预腐蚀和交替腐蚀作用下航空铝合金多轴疲劳行为及寿命预测

飞机在腐蚀环境下服役时，损伤形式为地面腐蚀与空中疲劳交替过程。依据该工况特点，研究了预腐蚀和交替腐蚀作用对2024-T4和7075-T651两种航空铝合金多轴疲劳行为的影响规律。结果表明：等效应力恒定时，随着预腐蚀时间增加，试样表面蚀坑数量和密度增加，腐蚀影响权重增大，2种铝合金多轴疲劳寿命均降低；交替腐蚀-多轴疲劳试验中，单位加载周次恒定时，单位腐蚀时间增加导致多轴疲劳寿命下降，试验过程中随着交替级数的增加，试样表面腐蚀程度加剧；基于Miner模型和预腐蚀疲劳寿命数据，提出修正的损伤累积模型，进行交替腐蚀-多轴疲劳寿命预测，寿命预测值基本位于2倍分散带内。     

7075铝合金二维超声挤压加工的灰色关联分析

采用正交试验法对7075-T651铝合金进行二维超声挤压加工试验,运用灰色关联分析法研究工艺参数对表面粗糙度和显微硬度的综合影响,采用多元线性回归方法构建灰色关联度预测模型,并基于预测模型通过规划求解确定最优工艺参数。结果表明:各工艺参数对表面粗糙度、显微硬度和灰色关联度的影响规律不同,基于灰色关联度排序获得的工艺参数值也并非最优值;建立的灰色关联度模型可对试验进行准确预测,基于该模型进行非线性规划求解获得的最优工艺参数为静压力220 N,挤压速度30 m/min,进给量0.14 mm/r,此时表面粗糙度Ra值约为0.44μm,显微硬度约为637 HL。     

Testing and evaluation for fatigue crack propagation of Ti-6Al-4V/ELI and 7050-T7452 alloys at high temperatures

This paper seeks to evaluate crack propagation properties and residual lives of metallic alloys subjected to fatigue loading at room and high temperatures. Fatigue crack growth tests were performed on Ti-6Al-4V/ELI and 7050-T7452 subjected to constant-amplitude and actual randomspectra loading at room temperature of about 25 ℃ and at high temperatures of 250 ℃ and 150 ℃ to determine their crack growth properties and residual lives. The damage mode and mechanisms at high temperature were compared with those at room temperature on the basis of the results of fractographic analysis. Temperature-dependent residual lives under actual random-spectra load history were evaluated based on a modified accumulation damage rule accounting for the load interaction.Good correlation was achieved between the predictions and actual experiments, demonstrating the practical and effective use of the proposed method.     

形状记忆合金在飞行器进气道中的应用研究进展

进气道作为发动机上游的重要气动部件,其性能对整个飞行器的工作效率和运行能力都有着重要影响。本文首先详细阐述了进气道的几何调节需求,指出了传统机械调节方案存在的不足以及形状记忆合金在可调进气道中诱人的应用前景,而后简单介绍了形状记忆合金的基本特性和典型航空应用进展。最后,总结了形状记忆合金在飞行器进气道中的应用情况,重点介绍了美国SAMPSON计划在智能进气道领域所取得的成果。     

Improvement and application of Y2O3 directional solidification crucible

In order to satisfy the drastic temperature change and high chemical activity in directional solidification of Nb–Si based alloys, Y_2O_3 crucible is demanded to possess high thermal shock resistance and erosion resistance. This paper improved the sintering degree and density of Y_2O_3 crucible by optimizing the sintering temperature and time, and its practical application performance was investigated. Y_2O_3 grains gathered with the increase of sintering temperature and time, and the contact area enlarged, resulting in the open pores being changed into closed pores.The higher density caused the improvement of erosion resistance of Y_2O_3 crucibles. However, excessive density weakened the thermal shock resistance. Considering high-temperature strength, erosion resistance, thermal shock resistance and costs, optimum sintering temperature and time of Y_2O_3 directional solidification crucible were 1800 °C and 120 min, respectively, and the porosity was20%. Improved Y_2O_3 crucible has been successfully applied to directional solidification of Nb–Si based alloys, and significantly reduced the oxygen contamination. Slight interaction occurred between Hf and Y_2O_3, but no obvious dissolution, penetration or erosion was found, showing good erosion resistance and thermal shock resistance.     

Hot-cracking susceptibility and shear fracture behavior of dissimilar Ti6Al4V/AA6060 alloys in pulsed Nd:YAG laser welding

Laser welding of dissimilar titanium/aluminum alloys has been employed at an increasing rate, particularly in the aerospace industry, owing to its advantages in terms of current design flexibility and fuel/cost savings. The major problem with dissimilar Ti/Al welds arises from the difference in the thermal expansion and contraction of the two metals, which leads to hot-cracking susceptibility and the mitigation of the mechanical property after welding. In the present study, pulsed Nd:YAG laser welding of Ti6Al4V and AA6060 has been addressed. Hot-cracking susceptibility in the heat affected zone and the shear fracture behavior of the lap joints were investigated through microstructural characterization and mechanical tests. The results indicate that the hot cracking tendency can be reduced by increasing the pulse peak power (7.5–8.5 kW) and the laser point diameter (0.8–1.0 mm) with specific pulse duration and overlap. An alternative control strategy for less hot cracks in the Ti/Al lap joint can be to increase the weld width and decrease the cooling rate during solidification. The shear fracture of the Ti/Al lap joint is likely to occur along the lower side path of the weld interface with decreasing weld surface collapsed amount and increasing aluminum base metal melt depth.     

Investigation on surface integrity of electron beam melted Ti-6Al-4 V by precision grinding and electropolishing

Electron beam melting (EBM), as an excellent Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology, enables the printing of Ti-6Al-4 V alloy for a wide range of applications such as aerospace and biomechanical industries. It improves functionality and integrity of components and negates complexities in assembly processes. However, due to the poor surface and sub-surface integrity represented by the rough surface finish and low dimensional accuracy, achieving a favorable surface condition is quite challenging. Therefore, post processing becomes essential for these electron beam melted (EBM-ed) Ti-6Al-4 V alloys. Being the most common technique to improve such parts, milling of Ti-6Al-4 V alloy is very challenging and resulting tool wear issues, due to its unique material properties. Thus, this paper presents a comprehensive study on the surface integrity of EBM-ed Ti-6Al-4 V parts processed by precision grinding and electropolishing, aiming to qualitatively and quantitatively clarify the interrelation between process parameters and processed surface quality. The surface and subsurface characteristics such as profile accuracy, surface roughness, microstructure, defective layer and residual stress before and after post processing were compared and evaluated. The results show that by precision grinding, the profile accuracy was improved from over 300 µm PV to 7 µm PV, while surface roughness (R_a) was reduced from 30 µm to about 2 µm. The layer with partially melt particles was removed, but introduced a deformed subsurface layer with more residual stress. Then by applying electropolishing, the residual stress was released and the deformed layer was removed. In addition, R_a was further reduced to 0.65 µm. The research can serve as a reference for the integration of post machining processes with AM.     

7003 铝合金双级双峰时效工艺优化

设计了L9(34)的双级时效正交试验方案,系统地研究了双级双峰时效工艺、时效硬化特性和力学性能.结果表明:终时效对合金的力学性能具有决定性的影响,合金的硬度、强度对终时效温度最敏感,合金的塑韧性则对终时效时间最敏感;利用“双峰”特征对正交试验所得的具有高塑性、高韧性的相对最佳工艺进行强度优化,发现对应不同的目标性能,有最优双级时效工艺与之相应,并没有发现各性能指标同时达到最大值的理论最优工艺,只能获取一种相对的最优工艺,即在保证接近单级峰时效强度的前提下选择塑、韧性最佳的工艺——105℃/4 h+155℃/70 h.     

Applications of Magnesium Alloys in Aerospace and Aviation

Magnesium alloys are well applied in aerospace and aviation because of their mass saving potential, good electromagnetic shielding performance, and high damping capacity. To further promote the applications, in this paper, the applications of magnesium alloys are reviewed, which could provide insights for researchers and application designers. Firstly, the applications in aerospace are reviewed, including missile, satellite, rocket, and spacecraft. Secondly, the applications and commercial magnesium alloys in aviation are summarized. Thirdly, the bottleneck and existing problems for such magnesium alloys applied in aerospace and aviation are discussed. The requirements for the magnesium alloy performance in aerospace and aviation are evaluated and elaborated.     

喷射沉积5083 Al-Mg合金的超塑性

研究了喷射沉积再经过热变形处理的 5 0 83Al Mg合金的超塑性。喷射沉积 5 0 83Al Mg合金的微观组织是由平均尺寸 15 μm的等轴晶组成 ,组织中的气孔率为 0 1% 5 % (体积百分数 )。采用了两种不同的热变形处理工艺 (TMP)来闭合气孔和细化晶粒 :先挤压后轧制和直接轧制。采用先挤压后轧制工艺处理的合金表现出了相对较高的超塑性 ,最大超塑延伸率可达 4 6 5 % ,而采用直接轧制工艺处理的合金最大超塑延伸率为 2 95 %。两种工艺处理后的合金表现出了相似的应力 -应变行为和应变速率敏感因子 ,应变速率敏感因子取值范围为 0 3 0 5。超塑延伸率的差异可能是由闭合气孔导致的变形过程中空洞的形核能力不同造成的。